rural incomes in China. Current literature based on analyses of rural income volatility in China decomposes poverty into … poverty gap attributable to mean income over time being below the poverty line. Resulting estimates of 40-50 % transient … urban-rural income gap on which much of current poverty debate in China focuses. Since an uncertain income stream is worth …

In the U.S., analyses of poverty rates and the effects of anti-poverty programs rely almost exclusively on income data … mothers. Our earlier work did not show that income and consumption differ in practice. Here we further examine data quality … issues and show that important conclusions about recent trends depend on whether one uses consumption or income. Changes in …

impact of the current pandemic on income and poverty to inform the targeting of resources to those most affected and assess … the success of current efforts. We construct new measures of the income distribution and poverty with a lag of only a few …, government policy effectively countered its effects on incomes, leading poverty to fall and low percentiles of income to rise …

used to improve the study and function of cities. We first show how Google Street View images can be used to predict income … in New York City, suggesting that similar image data can be used to map wealth and poverty in previously unmeasured areas …

We evaluate consumption and income measures of the material well-being of the poor. We begin with conceptual and … pragmatic reasons that favor income or consumption. Then, we empirically examine the quality of standard data by studying … aggregates. We also compare low reports of income and consumption to other measures of hardship and well-being. The closer link …

used to assess economic well-being and poverty rates. Yet, because households can use wealth to consume more than income … use data from the Health and Retirement Study to find income-based poverty rates which we compare with poverty rates as … the relationship between income-based and consumption-based poverty measures. We find that the poverty rate based on …

1970 -- the income gap between the US and the sending country, the education gap between the US and the sending country …, the poverty trap, the size of the cohort at risk, and migrant stock dynamics. It then projects the life cycle up to 2024 …