affects prices to retail pharmacies, plausibly because uncertain quality leads to competition on brand rather than price …

- the latter frequently approaching 100%. Whereas in 1994, the generic price index fell from 100 to 80 in the 12 months … following initial generic entry and by 24 months to 65, in 2009 the comparable generic price indexes are 68 and 27, respectively … Medicare Part D, the average price per prescription declined by 21.3% from 2006 to 2009, rather than increasing by 25-28% as …

price and quantity information to estimate the quality of products exported to the U.S. Higher quality is assigned to … products with higher market shares conditional on price. The estimated qualities reveal substantial heterogeneity in product … impact of low-wage competition on U.S. manufacturing employment and output. Markets characterized by relatively shorter …

(QHFT) model, we classify export goods (at the HS 6-digit level of disaggregation) by quality and price competition. We find … a high proportions of quality-competition goods for the major EU countries and lower proportions for Canada, Australia … and China. However, the overlap of these quality-competition goods is not large, which suggests that characteristics of …

We show that modifying the standard neoclassical growth model by assuming that competition is imperfect makes it easier … to explain the size of the declines in output and real wages that follow increases in the price of oil. Plausibly …

competition, as a subset of firms effectively experiences a change in its marginal cost. This paper considers the suspension, and … subsequent reinstatement, of the 5% gasoline sales tax in Illinois and Indiana following a temporary price spike in the spring of …

We study industries where the price that a firm sets serves as an investment into lower cost or higher demand. We … assess the welfare implications of the ensuing competition for the market using analytical and numerical approaches to … compare the equilibria of a learning-by-doing model to the first-best planner solution. We show that dynamic competition leads …

This paper evaluates a Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) program in western Uganda that offered forest …

We explore the consequences of treating the multiple, non-market benefits associated with improvements in ecosystem … to pay measures of use-based ecosystem services are impacted by the changes in demand for complementary market goods …. Demand for these goods shifts due to the introduction of pollution regulations that deliver improvements in ecosystem …