While numerous recent authors have studied the effects of school accountability systems on student test performance and school quot;gamingquot; of accountability incentives, there has been little attention paid to substantive changes in instructional policies and practices resulting from school...

Our study uses a unique national longitudinal survey, the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS), which permits researchers to match individual students and teachers, to analyze issues relating to how a teacher's race, gender, and ethnicity, per se, influence students from both...