) from upper-tail knowledge. As a proxy for the historical presence of knowledge elites, we use city-level subscriptions to … firm survey from the 1840s, we shed light on the mechanism: upper-tail knowledge raised productivity in innovative …

The pace of innovation is related both to the level of investment in innovation and the pool of knowledge from which … innovators can draw. Both of these are endogenous: Investments in innovations are affected by the pool of knowledge and the …

informational role of cities is a primary reason for" their continued existence. This paper formalizes Marshall's theory in a model … of other implications of the theory are corroborated" empirically …

structure" turn technologically' general skills into specific' skills. Labor market frictions and institutions such as minimum …

for retirement. Many respondents display limited knowledge and understanding of public and company-provided retirement … remainder of their lifetimes, many do not possess enough basic financial knowledge to confidently make optimal choices …

We ask how patient knowledge of appropriate antibiotic usage affects both physicians prescribing behavior and the …-like complaints visits the same physician. Simulated patient A is instructed to ask a question that showcases his/her knowledge of … patient's knowledge of appropriate antibiotics use reduces both antibiotic prescription rates and drug expenditures. Such …

suggest that causality is more likely to run from pension wealth to pension knowledge, rather than the other way around … Security knowledge. Third, standardizing for incomes and other factors, a pension of higher value does not substitute for other …, other things the same. Fourth, there is no evidence that wealth held outside of pensions is influenced by knowledge of …