data from New York City, which assigns accountability grades to schools based on student achievement, I perform a … find that a lower accountability grade decreases teacher turnover and increases joining teachers' quality. A likely channel … is that accountability pressures induce increases in principal effort at lower-graded schools, especially among high …

transparency in fiscal transfer systems can increase accountability and reduce corruption in the implementation of a workfare …

Economics and history both strive to understand causation: economics using instrumental variables econometrics and …

economics and reality. More precisely, it asks how reality in the form empirical evidence does or does not influence economic … from general to specific. For the general perspective, I examine the following four points of view. First, economics is a … science. Second, economics is an art. Third, economics is a competition. Forth, economics politics. I then examine four …

-purpose publication with highly disparate content. Over time the economics profession expanded and more economics research was produced …

In this essay I review Sylvia Nasar's long awaited new history of economics, Grand Pursuit. I describe how the book is … and foibles to show they are human! I contrast the general view of the role of economics in Grand Pursuit with Robert …