essay reviews three alternative models of subsidiarity -- decentralized federalism, centralized federalism, and democratic … of local interests in, and the decision-making rules for, the Union. Subsidiarity is to be the guiding principle. This … federalism -- and argues the current European Economic Community has evolved from decentralized to centralized to a fully …

aggregate emissions quantities, or allows manufacturers or facilities to average performance across states, the emission … reductions accomplished by a subset of U.S. states may reduce pressure on the constraints posed by the federal policy, thereby … freeing facilities or manufacturers to increase emissions in other states. This leads to serious "emissions leakage" and a …

recovered in destination states, we find that firearms in this market tend to flow from states with weak gun laws to states with … also find an important role for transportation costs in this market, with gun flows more significant between nearby states … guns is higher in states exposed to weak gun laws in nearby states …

and problem-bank rates in states with more lenient supervision relative to the federal benchmark. Some states are more …

Fourteen U.S. states recently pledged to adopt limits on greenhouse gases (GHGs) per mile of light-duty automobiles …. Previous analyses predicted this action would significantly reduce emissions from new cars in these states, but ignored … possible offsetting emissions increases from policy-induced adjustments in new car markets in other (non-adopting) states and …

North America (1782) and the Bank of the United States (1791) defined these banks and nearly every bank chartered thereafter … restrictions on the bank's operation, accountability or governance gave way to the Bank of the United States's more restrictive … procedures. Subsequent state charters were more closely modeled on the Bank of the United States model than the Bank of North …

Exchange Information Agreements, which are agreements between the states and the U.S. federal government to exchange …