change and innovation has radically changed the living standards of the citizens of the US in the past 150 years. Lying … the presence of post offices in a county, on innovation. We show that between 1804 and 1899, the time when the US became …

We study the causal impact of patent invalidation on subsequent innovation and exit by the patent holder. The analysis … is based on patent litigation at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, and exploits the random allocation of … judges to control for endogeneity of the judicial decision. Invalidation causes the patent holder to reduce subsequent …

with new data on patent citations to scientific publications by corporations. Using data on 4,736 firms for the period 1980 …

We examine the golden age of U.S. innovation by undertaking a major data collection exercise linking historical U … macro and micro-level determinants. We find a positive relationship between innovation and drivers of regional performance … delayed marriage, and tended to migrate to places that were conducive to innovation. Father's income was positively correlated …

Debates have long centered around the relative merits of prizes and other incentives for technological innovation. Some … proof of the efficacy of innovation prizes. The Society initially was averse to patents and prohibited the award of prizes … for patented inventions. This study examines data on several thousand of these inducement prizes, matched with patent …

estimation is over panel datasets of patent grants, and unpatented innovations that were submitted for prizes at the annual … hypothesize that the difference partly owes to the design of patent institutions, which explicitly incorporate mechanisms for …

Such institutions as patent systems cannot be well understood without an assessment of technological creativity in …. Accordingly, this paper offers an empirical comparison of patents in relation to the award of prizes for technological innovation … unpredictable, and was unrelated to such proxies for the productivity of the innovation as inventive capital or the commercial …

semiparametric fixed-effects Tobit model, we regress patent counts on a series of policy variables within a state and a spatially … other states increase innovation, but own-state policies do not. In contrast, for financial incentives such as tax … incentives and subsidy policies, own-state policies induce innovation.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series …

This report surveys the empirical literature from economics and related fields on patents and innovation. In particular …, it reviews and synthesizes the empirical evidence on patents and first-generation innovation, the disclosure function of … patents, and patents and follow-on innovation. The main results are summarized in fifteen charts.Institutional subscribers to …