-country heterogeneity. Inertia looms large as differences in the literacy of the old generation explain about half of the observed spatial …

free blacks (pre-1865), and their children and grandchildren. The outcome measures include literacy, whether a child …

on micro-level census data, we describe racial differences in literacy rates, school attendance, years of educational … attainment, age-in-grade distributions, spending per pupil, and returns to literacy since emancipation, with emphasis on the pre …

This paper reports the results of an experimental evaluation of Evidence Based Literacy Instruction (EBLI). Developed …

explanations for differences in the evolution of literacy over young adulthood across wealthy OECD countries. We use an … international cross-section of micro data from the International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS); these data show that cross …-country differences in the age profile of literacy skills are not due to differences in individual family background, and that relatively …

literacy and health on the migration propensities of African Americans from 1870 to 1910. I find that literacy and health … selection effect of literacy on migration is reduced by one-tenth to one-third once health is controlled for. The low levels of …

deviations, leading to child gains in early literacy of about 0.11 standard deviations. The results point to the salience of …

the effects of these shocks. Using panel data from a survey in Tanzania, we find that both relationships are significant …

. We evaluate the causal effect of child labor participation on these outcomes using panel data from Vietnam and an …