This paper shows that firms spread the adverse impacts of local employment shocks across regions through their internal … establishment-level employment responds strongly to employment shocks in other regions in which the firm has establishments …. Consistent with theory, the elasticity of establishment-level employment with respect to shocks in other regions is increasing …

Ruhl (2013) that much of the growth in trade after trade liberalization is in products that are traded very little or not … at all, we predict that industries with a higher share of exports generated by least traded products will experience more …

.17. The effects are larger for lower-price items and products purchased by low-income households and weaker for high …

Environmental Engel curves (EECs) plot the relationship between households' incomes and the pollution embodied in the … goods and services they consume. They provide a basis for estimating the degree to which observed environmental improvements … pollution. We show that even without changes to production techniques, the pollution necessary to produce the goods and services …

--less expensive mortgages, all else equal, are better products from the perspective of the consumer. We find a strong positive … region, with the relationship strongest for advertising through newspapers, the most heavily used channel for local … advertising of mortgages. This pattern survives even after conditioning for a rich set of borrower, loan and region …