This paper examines the causes of the decline in black male teenage employment from 1950 to 1970. During this period …, the employment-to-population ratio of black youth (age 16-19) declined from 46.8 percent to 27 percent. The white teenage … employment ratio, in contrast, remained constant. The primary source of the decline is traced to the virtual demise of the market …

that geography's effects on development occurred exclusively through its effects on this historical institutional … in the natural resource base and physical geography (e.g. distance to coast), and by the amplification of those …, technology, and geography, and that none of these alone is sufficient to account for the diverse patterns of global growth. We …

There is controversy about whether geography matters mainly because of its contemporaneous impact on economic outcomes …

We study the relationship between geography and growth. To do so, we first develop a dynamic spatial growth theory with … realistic geography. We characterize the model and its balanced growth path and propose a methodology to analyze equilibria with …

This paper examines the importance of buyer-supplier relationships, geography and the structure of the production …

This paper addresses the complex relationship between geography and macroeconomic growth. We investigate the ways in … which geography may matter directly for growth, controlling for economic policies and institutions, as well as the effects … of geography on policy choices and institutions. We find that location and climate have large effects on income levels …