Abraham Lincoln's election produced Southern secession, Civil War, and abolition. Using a new database of slave sales … invade to oppose secession, and that emancipation of slaves without compensation was unlikely, both of which were …

Poland, Hungary. and Czechoslovakia and develop a model of changing support for reforms during the transition to a market … economy. I find surprising stability in labor institutions in the first stage of transition to a market economy, but dramatic … massive vacancies. The dispersion of wages increased substantially in Hungary and Poland though not in Czechoslovakia. My …

shock accounts for all of the decline in Hungarian GDP, about 60 percent of decline in Czechoslovakia, and between a quarter …

that increases in income are conducive to increases in democracy levels. This doubt stems mainly from the fact that while a … strong positive correlation exists between income and democracy levels, the relationship disappears when one controls for …, such as institutional quality. In this paper, we reexamine the robustness of the income-democracy relationship. We extend …