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In this paper we intend to survey and suggest the theoretical framework of the important aspects of causality detection with the purpose of conveying to the reader the essential features and the different forms in which inferences may be drawn from given data. Section II presents the basic...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013310821
We provide evidence that the robust association between cognitive skills and economic growth reflects a causal effect of cognitive skills and supports the economic benefits of effective school policy. We develop a new common metric that allows tracking student achievement across countries, over...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012758020
A lot, including a few things you may not expect. Previous studies find that the term spread forecasts GDP but these … regressions are unconstrained and do not model regressor endogeneity. We build a dynamic model for GDP growth and yields that … completely characterizes expectations of GDP. The model does not permit arbitrage. Contrary to previous findings, we predict that …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012762604
What is the effect of trade on a country's environment, for a given level of GDP? Some have observed an apparent …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013215340
We estimate the respective contributions of institutions, geography, and trade in determining income levels around the world, using recently developed instruments for institutions and trade. Our results indicate that the quality of institutions trumps' everything else. Once institutions are...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013224849
Most of the future growth in energy use is forecast to come from the developing world. Understanding the likely pace and specific location of this growth is essential to inform decisions about energy infrastructure investments and to improve greenhouse gas emissions forecasts. We argue that...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013081243
We construct an endogenous growth model that includes a cultural variable along the dimension of individualism-collectivism. The model predicts that more individualism leads to more innovation because of the social rewards associated with innovation in an individualist culture. This cultural...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013069257
Any economic analysis of climate change policy requires some model that describes the impact of warming on future GDP … and consumption. Most integrated assessment models (IAMs) relate temperature to the level of real GDP and consumption, but … there are theoretical and empirical reasons to expect temperature to affect the growth rate rather than level of GDP. Does …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013070326
An increase in the household debt to GDP ratio in the medium run predicts lower subsequent GDP growth, higher … supply hypothesis,” we show that low mortgage spreads predict an increase in the household debt to GDP ratio and a decline in … subsequent GDP growth when used as an instrument. The negative relation between the change in household debt to GDP and …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013014671
GDP growth is often measured poorly for countries and rarely measured at all for cities or subnational regions. We …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013151806