protection. We use new survey data from India, the results of interviews with industry, government and multinational institutions …

. Using India as an example, it then brings together information gathered from both published sources and personal interviews …

pharmaceutical trade data from 1996 to 2005, we examine the role of China and India as suppliers of medicines to other middle- and … medicines from high- income countries. We find that imports of antibiotics and unspecified medicaments from India and China … significantly depress the average price of these commodities imported from high-income trading partners, suggesting that India and …

tuberculosis drug samples that claim to be made in India and were sold in Africa, India, and five mid-income non-African countries … in India or non-African countries. Since this finding is robust for manufacturer-drug fixed effects, one likely … explanation is that Indian pharmaceutical firms and/or their export intermediaries do indeed differentiate drug quality according …

. Patent protection has increased around the world as a consequence of the TRIPS Agreement, which specifies minimum levels of …

affiliates, has been nearly stable since 1966. This stability, over a period in which the export share of the U.S. as a … fact that a good deal of the change in U.S. export shares can be explained by changes in U.S. prices relative to those of …