the impact of phone-based monitoring on a program that transferred nearly a billion dollars to 5.7 million Indian farmers … beneficiaries. This led to a 7.6% reduction in the number of farmers who did not receive their transfers. The program was highly …

This paper explores the idea that competitive seed systems may underserve farmers in small, agro-ecological niches …, leaving those farmers less productive and poorer than they need be. We develop a theoretical model of the confluence of demand … these seed varieties increased farmer yields and revenues, both for better-resourced farmers (who used non-adapted hybrids …

decline. Crop prices collapsed, reducing farmers' incomes. And across U.S. states and Ohio counties, auto sales fell most in … crop-growing areas. The large spending response may be explained by farmers' indebtedness. Reasonable assumptions about the … marginal propensity to spend of farmers relative to nonfarmers and the pass-through of farm prices to retail prices imply that …

demands are central to much of the motivation for exclusionary zoning, we expand the theoretical analysis to encompass the …