. Such frictions can help explain part of the gender gap in entrepreneurship, and also have implications for how to design …

How does firm entry affect innovation incentives and productivity growth in incumbent firms? Micro-data suggests that … threat spurs innovation incentives in sectors close to the technological frontier--successful innovation allows incumbents to … prevent entry. In laggard sectors it discourages innovation--increased entry threat reduces incumbents' expected rents from …

segregate into low-return industries and avoid entrepreneurship altogether. In this paper, we present a model of female … entrepreneurship and rule of law that predicts that women will only start businesses when they have both formal legal protection and … industries with more women, but gender differences are ameliorated when women have access to adjudicating institutions, such as …

Does the lack of peers contribute to the observed gender gap in entrepreneurial success, and is the constraint stronger …

linked fields. Our analysis uses 1.8 million U.S. patents and their citation properties to map the innovation network and its … strength. Past innovation network structures are calculated using citation patterns across technology classes during 1975 … predictive power on future innovation after 1995. This pattern is consistent with the idea that when there is more past upstream …

We estimate differences in innovation behavior between foreign versus U.S.-born entrepreneurs in high-tech industries … characteristics and innovation activities. We find uniformly higher rates of innovation in immigrant-owned firms for 15 of 16 … different innovation measures; the only exception is for copyright/trademark. The immigrant advantage holds for older firms as …

documents the evolving roles of innovation and entrepreneurship in the energy sector. First, we provide an overview of the …Historically, innovation in the energy sector proceeded slowly and entrepreneurial start-up firms played a relatively …, integrating intermittent resources creates additional grid management challenges, requiring further innovation. This chapter …

innovative entrepreneurs confounds interpreting this specification. Using education as a measure of potential for innovation, we …Interest in the role of entrepreneurial entry in innovation raises the question of the extent to which tax policy … entry, the progressivity of the tax also discourages entrepreneurship, and significantly so for some groups of households …

We study the relation between gender and job performance among brokerage firm equity analysts. Women's representation …

heightened entrepreneurship is due to channels like greater finance access or heightened inspiration for women entrepreneurs …