estimation is over panel datasets of patent grants, and unpatented innovations that were submitted for prizes at the annual … hypothesize that the difference partly owes to the design of patent institutions, which explicitly incorporate mechanisms for …

Popular literature suggests a rapid narrowing of the technology gap between China and the U.S. based on large … percentage increases in Chinese patent applications, and equally large increases in college registrants and completed PhDs … (especially in sciences) in China in recent years. Little literature attempts to measure the technology gap directly using …

-specific quotas following China's entry into the World Trade Organization. Chinese import competition had two effects: first, it led … effect on innovation. We develop a simple "trapped factor" model of innovation that is consistent with these empirical …

innovation and international technology transfer in general. The literature suggests that patent protection in a host country … externalities, implies that patent protection may not be the optimal instrument for encouraging innovation in this area, especially … technologies. How will patent protection affect this process? In this paper we first review the evidence on the role of patents for …

This report surveys the empirical literature from economics and related fields on patents and innovation. In particular …, it reviews and synthesizes the empirical evidence on patents and first-generation innovation, the disclosure function of … patents, and patents and follow-on innovation. The main results are summarized in fifteen charts.Institutional subscribers to …

challenges for future empirical research, as well as the need for additional data on technology and innovation …