Research which explores unchartered waters has a high potential for major impact but also carries a higher uncertainty … of having impact. Such explorative research is often described as taking a novel approach. This study examines the … complex relationship between pursuing a novel approach and impact. Viewing scientific research as a combinatorial process, we …

government grants. We argue that there is no single best mechanism for supporting research. Rather, mechanisms can only be … an intramural activity to largely a grant process. Finally, we observe that much research is supported by a hybrid system …

War II. In 1940, a group of top U.S. science administrators organized a major coordinated research effort to support the … Allied war effort, including significant investments in medical research which yielded innovations like mass … appropriate R&D policy in a crisis requires going beyond the standard Nelson-Arrow framework for research policy …

-established Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) entered thousands of R&D contracts with industrial and academic … paper, we study the long-run effects of the OSRD-supported research effort on U.S. invention. Using data on all OSRD …

European countries do less research than Japan and the United States. We use a quantitative multi-country growth model … to ask: (i) Why is this so? (ii) Would there be any benefit to expanding research in Europe? (iii) What would various … European research promotion policies do? We find that (i) Europe's lower research effort has more to do with the smaller …

firms to develop new products in the future. While existing research demonstrates that expected profits fuel R&D investments …

We use data from PubMed and other sources to examine the impact of public and private research support on premature … longitudinal, cancer-site-level data on about 30 cancer sites. The estimates indicate that cancer sites about which more research …-2013, controlling for the change in the number of people diagnosed. Cancer sites for which more non-research-supported articles were …

' effects on chemical innovation in the U.S. we compare changes in patenting by U.S. inventors in research fields of émigrés …

” approach). We exploit a natural experiment in the widely emulated Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program. From 2018 …

patent policy are few. Possible reasons for these limited results are discussed, and possible avenues for future research are …