the productivity effect of changes in international frictions both within and across firms …

and space and for predicting the effects of globalization shocks …

This paper provides a general and unified framework to study the role of production networks in international GDP …

What is the impact of firms that cross-list, issue depositary receipts, or raise capital in international stock markets …-2000, we find that internationalization reduces the liquidity of domestic firms through two channels. First, the trading of … international firms migrates from domestic to international markets and the reduction in domestic liquidity of international firms …

,' which are about 60 percent of world output. Given all the attention that 'globalization' has received from scholars … over the last two decades, but it was still, in 1990, only about 7 percent of world output. The share was higher, at 15 …, international organizations, and the press, these numbers are a reminder of how large a proportion of economic activity is confined …

of China into the world economy may hurt countries that are driven to specialize in production due to HMEs, although …

markets. One of the distinguishing features of the R&D globalization phenomenon is its concentration within the software … three important phenomena: (1) the globalization of R&D, (2) the growing importance of software and IT to firm innovation … large quantities of STEM workers who possessed IT and software skills. Our findings support the view that the globalization …

specialization of countries within GVCs in a world with barriers to international trade. With costly trade, the optimal location of …