deviations from panel data. They are the bias associated with inapproiate aggregation across heterogeneous coefficients, time … aggregation of commodity prices, and downward bias in estimation of dynamic lag coefficients. Each of these biases have been … annual panel data set of real exchange rates for 21 OECD countries from 1948 to 2002, our point estimate of the half-life is …

Using panel structural VAR analysis and quarterly data from four industrialized countries, we document that an increase …

In an 80-country panel since the 1960s, the convergence rate for per capita GDP is around 1.7% per year. This "beta … frame-34 countries with GDP data starting between 1870 and 1896-estimation with country fixed effects is more appropriate … "iron-law" rate of 2%. In the post-1960s panel, estimation without country fixed effects supports the modernization …

We use a panel of 16 OECD countries over several decades to investigate the effects of government debts and deficits on … to GDP increases contemporaneous long-term interest rates by about 10 basis points. In a vector autoregression (VAR), the …

data, we present fresh evidence on the dynamic effects of temporary trade barriers. Estimates from country-level and panel …