and patents. We document key empirical facts on inventors' productivity over the life cycle, inventors' research teams …, and interactions with other inventors. Among others, most patents are the result of collaborative work. Interactions with …An inventor's own knowledge is a key input in the innovation process. This knowledge can be built by interacting with …

engaging inventors in the development of licensed inventions. Our theoretical model shows that when milestones are feasible …

's fairs between 1851 and 1915. Exhibition data show that the industry where an innovation is made is the single most important … influences are small compared with industry effects. If the effectiveness of secrecy is an important factor in inventors …' patenting decisions, scientific breakthroughs, which facilitate reverse-engineering, should increase inventors' propensity to …

paper argues that to overcome these challenges, multinationals utilize home country inventors on foreign affiliate inventor … dispersed multinational global R&D networks, particularly in locations with relatively unspecialized local inventors …

.S. patents to state and county-level aggregates and matching inventors to Federal Censuses between 1880 and 1940. We identify a …We examine the golden age of U.S. innovation by undertaking a major data collection exercise linking historical U … macro and micro-level determinants. We find a positive relationship between innovation and drivers of regional performance …

proof of the efficacy of innovation prizes. The Society initially was averse to patents and prohibited the award of prizes …Debates have long centered around the relative merits of prizes and other incentives for technological innovation. Some … for patented inventions. This study examines data on several thousand of these inducement prizes, matched with patent …

. Accordingly, this paper offers an empirical comparison of patents in relation to the award of prizes for technological innovation … success of the invention. Prize-oriented institutions thus appear to be less systematic and not as market-oriented as patent …Such institutions as patent systems cannot be well understood without an assessment of technological creativity in …

determine idea inputs in invention based on the text of nearly every US patent granted during 1836–2010. We find that inventions … evaluate which type of work is more likely to spur further invention. When recent advances create superior opportunities for … invention, their adoption as research inputs in the invention process promotes technological progress. The gains from pursuing …

, droughts and flooding on the innovation of their respective mitigation technologies. Using patent and disaster data, our study … is the first to relate natural disasters to technology innovation, and also presents the first attempt to empirically …

commercial activity related to invention are lower than once thought. This is despite relatively lower patent activity among …Previous studies have found large gender and racial differences in commercialization of invention. Using novel data … that permit enhanced identification of women and African American inventors, we find that gender and racial differences in …