society consists of rich and poor individuals. The rich are initially in power, but expect to transition to democracy, which … rents for bureaucrats than would an efficient state structure. When the poor come to power in democracy, they will reform … they may further expand the size of bureaucracy so as to gain additional votes. The model shows that an equilibrium with an …

) and civil society (representing non-elite citizens), where both players can invest to increase their power. The model …

Beginning in 2008, we ran a randomized controlled trial that changed management practices in a set of Indian weaving … management practices adopted in the original experimental plants had been dropped, there was still a large and significant gap in … control plants, suggesting lasting impacts of effective management interventions. Second, while few management practices had …