In an 80-country panel since the 1960s, the convergence rate for per capita GDP is around 1.7% per year. This "beta … frame-34 countries with GDP data starting between 1870 and 1896-estimation with country fixed effects is more appropriate … "iron-law" rate of 2%. In the post-1960s panel, estimation without country fixed effects supports the modernization …

GDP growth is often measured poorly for countries and rarely measured at all for cities or subnational regions. We …

Concerns about the quality of China's official GDP statistics have been a perennial question in understanding its …

the proximate effect of health on GDP per capita. I employ avariety of methods to construct estimates of the return to … preferred estimate, eliminating health differences among countries would reduce the variance oflog GDP per worker by 9.9 percent …, and reduce the ratio of GDP per worker at the 90th percentileto GDP per worker at the 10th percentile from 20.5 to 17 …

between income level and pollution). The new specification enables us to draw conclusions from fixed effects estimation. In …

, real world exports plunged 17 percent while GDP fell 5 percent. This paper examines whether deteriorations in bank health …A striking feature of many financial crises is the collapse of exports relative to output. In the 2008 financial crisis … can help explain the large drops in exports relative to output in the recent crisis. Our paper is the first to establish a …