A large and growing literature has used patent and patent citation data to measure knowledge spillovers across … United States, including Israel, have emerged as important centers of innovation. Using data from U.S. PTO patent grants in …

Patent data have been widely used in research on technological innovation to characterize firms' locations as well as … based on patent class data, including Euclidean distance, correlation, and angle between firms' patent class distributions … biased and imprecise measures of proximity. We explore the effects of larger sample sizes and coarser patent class breakdowns …

This paper assesses the validity and accuracy of firms' backward patent citations as a measure of knowledge flows from … associated with backward citations to both patent and nonpatent references. We find that patent citations reflect the codified …, as well as those used in firm basic research. We also find that firms' patenting and citing strategies affect patent …

Using application-level data from the Patent Office from 2001 to 2012, merged with personnel data on patent examiners …, we explore the extent to which the key decision of examiners—whether to allow a patent—is shaped by the granting styles … grant rate of her peer group, an examiner in her first two years at the Patent Office will experience a 0.15 standard …

other citations; (2) patents in the same patent class are approximately 100 times as likely to cite each other as patents … from different patent classes there is not a strong time pattern to this effect; (3) patents whose inventors reside in the …

through patent citations: California, Texas, Ohio, DC/Virginia-Maryland, and Alabama. Third, qualitative evidence provides … some support for the use of patent citations as proxies for both technological impact and knowledge spillovers …