the incidence of diabetes in the population of future mothers. The exposed mothers are less likely to be married, have …

and Bangladeshi students exposed to Ramadan in early pregnancy. These estimates are downward biased to the extent that …

construct more relevant control groups for teenage mothers. We find evidence that teenage childbearing likely reduces the …

effect of teen childbearing. Despite this, there are still reasons to believe that children of teen mothers may do worse as … their mothers may be less mature, have fewer financial resources when the child is young, and may partner with fathers of … children born to the youngest teen mothers. Unlike previous research, we have information on fathers and find that negative …

maternal pregnancy health is larger for black than for white mothers, suggesting that projected increases in extreme heat over … heat increases the risk of maternal hospitalization during pregnancy for potentially life-threatening causes. We find that …

death of a parent. We examine the effects of the death of the mother's parent during pregnancy on both the short-run and the … control for whether there is a death around the time of the pregnancy in order to isolate true causal effects of a bereavement … during pregnancy. We find small negative effects on birth outcomes, and these effects are bigger for boys than for girls. The …

-2006, we find prenatal exposure to Ramadan among Arab mothers results in lower birthweight and reduced gestation length …, suggesting that avoiding Ramadan exposure during pregnancy is costly or the long-term effects of fasting unknown …

mothers, we select those mothers closest to air monitors to ensure a more accurate measure of air quality. Second, since we … follow mothers over time, we control for unobserved characteristics of mothers using maternal fixed effects. Third, we … considerably larger for smokers than for nonsmokers as well as for older mothers. Since automobiles are the main source of carbon …