How large are spatial barriers to transferring knowledge? We analyze the international operations of multinational … firms to answer this fundamental question. In our model firms can transfer bits of knowledge to their foreign affiliates in … either embodied (traded intermediates) or disembodied form (direct communication). Knowledge transfer costs interact with the …

Commercializing knowledge involves transfer from discovering scientists to those who will develop it commercially. New … opportunities if high. Hence new knowledge remains naturally excludable and appropriable. Team production allows more knowledge … capture of tacit, complex discoveries by firm scientists. A robust indicator of a firm's tacit knowledge capture (and strong …

The rate of regional growth of new knowledge in the field of nanotechnology, as measured by counts of articles and … stocks of recorded knowledge in all scientific fields, and the extent to which tacit knowledge in all fields flows between … patenting. The data provide further support for the cumulative advantage model of knowledge production, and for ongoing efforts …

half of subsidized pills go to patients without malaria. We study two ways to better target subsidized drugs: reducing the … subsidy level and introducing rapid malaria tests over-the-counter …

effects of the AAA on the incidence of malaria can therefore offer important lessons regarding the broader consequences of … expenditures and malaria death rates at the county level. Further, we find the AAA caused relatively low-income groups to migrate … from counties with high-risk malaria ecologies. These results suggest that the AAA-induced migration played an important …

We examine the effect of malaria on economic development in Africa over the very long run. Using data on the prevalence … of the mutation that causes sickle cell disease we measure the impact of malaria on mortality in Africa prior to the … period in which formal data were collected. Our estimate is that in the more afflicted regions, malaria lowered the …

This paper estimates the number of people at risk of contracting malaria in Africa using GIS methods and the disease … (differing by level of malaria endemicity and differing for rural and urban populations) for malaria as recommended by the UN … malaria by 75% We conclude that the cost of comprehensive malaria control for Africa is US$3.0 billion per year on average, or …

We examine the effects of malaria on educational attainment and income by exploiting geographic variation in malaria …

the average prenatal client in the area in terms of measured anemia (an important indicator of malaria). Cost-sharing does …