century. However, Daguerre's “patent buyout,” the longitude prize, inducement prizes for butter substitutes and billiard balls … and potentially misleading case studies. Daguerre, for instance, never obtained a patent in France and, instead, lobbied … findings in part explain why innovation prizes lost favour as a technology policy instrument in both the United States and …

The Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NRSA) program is a major research training program … receiving subsequent NIH research awards from 6.3 to 8.2 percentage points and of achieving an NIH-funded R01 award, an …

mathematics prize) to that of similarly brilliant contenders. The two groups have similar publication rates until the award year …

This paper explores the characteristics of 238 patents on 94 "inventions" contributed by major multinational innovators … to the "Eco-Patent Commons", which provides royalty-free access to third parties to patented climate change related … innovations. By comparing the pledged patents to other patents in the same technologies or held by the same multinationals, we …

technologies. How will patent protection affect this process? In this paper we first review the evidence on the role of patents for … innovation and international technology transfer in general. The literature suggests that patent protection in a host country … externalities, implies that patent protection may not be the optimal instrument for encouraging innovation in this area, especially …