school completion or avoiding poverty at age 25, the “marriage premium for children” is highest for children of mothers with … children of married parents. We propose that the gains to marriage from a child's perspective depend on a mother's own level of …A large literature exists on the impact of family structure on children's outcomes, typically focusing on average …

We explore several problems in drawing causal inferences from cross-sectional relationships between marriage …, motherhood, and wages. We find that heterogeneity leads to biased estimates of the quot;directquot; effects of marriage and … motherhood on wages (i.e., effects net of experience and tenure); first-difference estimates reveal no direct effect of marriage …

children. These effects are heterogeneous by predicted education. For those with high levels of predicted education, giving … marriage, while increasing the probability of never having married. In general, for less advantaged teens, motherhood appears … surprisingly little evidence that births affected teens conceiving pre- and post-marriage differently …

with birth order, since mothers near or beyond their desired total fertility are more likely to make use of the … contraceptive properties of nursing. Second, given a preference for having sons, mothers with no or few sons want to conceive again … sons and daughters, having few or no older brothers results in earlier weaning. Third, these gender effects peak as mothers …

significant increase in maternity leave mandates in Canada. We find very large increases in mothers' time away from work post …

strongest among men with more urgent demand for children. Households treated with information on maternal risk experience a … demand for children generating a barrier to credible communication between spouses …

children live with a never-married mother. Children of never-married mothers are more likely to drop out of high school, repeat …One-third of children in the United States are born to unmarried parents. A substantial number of black and Hispanic … grades, and have behavioral problems than are children raised in more traditional family structures. But these relationships …