Commercializing knowledge involves transfer from discovering scientists to those who will develop it commercially. New … opportunities if high. Hence new knowledge remains naturally excludable and appropriable. Team production allows more knowledge … capture of tacit, complex discoveries by firm scientists. A robust indicator of a firm's tacit knowledge capture (and strong …

that results from their research efforts either in the form of public knowledge (publications) or private knowledge …

firms (entrepreneurship) and the average quality of management (meritocracy). Legal reform also reduces financial … improve meritocracy at the expense of entrepreneurship. As a result, legal reform encounters less political opposition than …

entrepreneurship. We highlight two main characteristics of the program that make it attractive as an entrepreneurship policy: early … the incidence of biomedical entrepreneurship through SBIR and describe some of the characteristics of these individuals …

aversion, higher initial assets, preferences for entrepreneurship over employment, and optimistic beliefs about the payoffs …

components to entrepreneurship – “opportunity” and “necessity” – the latter of which is mostly counter-cyclical. Although there … is some agreement on the conceptual distinction between these two factors driving entrepreneurship, there is little … opportunity versus necessity entrepreneurship based on the entrepreneur's prior work status (i.e. based on previous unemployment …

segregate into low-return industries and avoid entrepreneurship altogether. In this paper, we present a model of female … entrepreneurship and rule of law that predicts that women will only start businesses when they have both formal legal protection and …