review of the evidence on the supply of earmarks by legislators. It then discusses the role of university lobbying for …

investigates empirically the consequences of lobbying competition between upstream and downstream producers for trade policy. The … with lobbying competition. Importantly, accounting for lobbying competition also alters substantially estimates of the …

environment (the voting function, the legislators' preferences and the social network topology), they are simple, monotonically …

interest group's campaign contributions to politicians. We uncover a robust hump-shaped relationship between the voting share …

-carbon Midwestern states. Such anticipated costs are likely to influence Congressional voting patterns. This paper uses several …. Representatives from such areas are shown to have much lower probabilities of voting in favor of anti-carbon legislation. In the 111th … voting coalition in favor of internalizing the carbon externality …

-country voting model of electoral competition, where we allow the incumbent party in each country to take costly actions that …

. This result is stronger for organized industries, which further supports the theory. The main theoretical insights and …