direct investment is the increased costs for a parent firm to monitor an affiliate when there is greater distance between … the effect of monitoring costs on cross-border M&A activity. We also show that the relatively low importance of monitoring …-related costs in manufacturing industries compared to those in other sectors is an important factor in explaining why cross-border M …

approach to information acquisition but generalize to a large class of information costs. Agents may learn not only about … properties of equilibria in these games. We provide the necessary and sufficient conditions information costs must satisfy to …

-funding is very effective in controlling guarantee costs in traditional DB plans, it is highly ineffective for DC-MB plans. This … larger than the DB benefit. This paper considers two approaches to controlling guarantee costs. The first approach borrows … in the bad states are subsidized. Both options are very effective at controlling guarantee costs, and they can be used …

This paper presents new evidence on the costs of purchasing private annuity contracts to spread a given stock of assets … are purchased through a large group retirement saving program, some of the administrative costs are lower than those in …

coordination costs fell during this period. We then propose a quot;hierarchical production functionquot; in which output is the … that coordination costs fell broadly and steadily during this period, so that hiring one's first associate leveraged a …

dynamic theory of plant-level labor demand that we develop. This model speaks clearly on one issue: firing costs drive a wedge …-1996 to look for real effects induced by two significant increases in the costs of dismissing employees. Similar to previous … firing costs. While we find no evidence that gaps increase for inputs that are not directly affected by firing costs, we find …

-post costs of poor planning. We show that, given a commitment device, people self-impose deadlines that are binding but require …