In order to lengthen prison terms, many U.S. states have limited parole boards' traditional authority to grant early … with respect to time in prison, (2) the accuracy of boards in conditioning release dates on recidivism risk, and (3) the …-experimental variation arising from policy shocks and institutional features of its criminal justice system, I find that longer prison terms …

The perception that immigration adversely affects crime rates led to legislation in the 1990s that particularly … increased punishment of criminal aliens. In fact, immigrants have much lower institutionalization (incarceration) rates than the … incarceration rates, and this difference increased from 1980 to 2000. We examine whether the improvement in immigrants' relative …

, rising crime rates also translate into larger prison populations. To break that simultaneity, this paper uses the status of … demonstrated to have a negative impact on prison populations, but is unlikely to be related to fluctuations in the crime rate …, except through its effect on prison populations. Instrumenting results in estimates of the elasticity of crime with respect …

to changes in an individual's own criminal and arrest history. Young males who engage in crime but are not arrested … to engage in crime during subsequent periods. Following an arrest, individuals commit less crime, consistent with …

We estimate the causal effect of parental incarceration on children's medium-run outcomes using administrative data … from Sweden. Our empirical strategy exploits exogenous variation in parental incarceration from the random assignment of … criminal defendants to judges with different incarceration tendencies. We find that the incarceration of a parent in childhood …

-criminal type, while past criminal experience raises current criminal activity for both types. Also, the age crime profile peaks at …

's criminal justice system, offering new insights into how incarceration affects subsequent crime and employment. We construct a …. Exploring factors that may explain the preventive effect of incarceration, we find the decline in crime is driven by individuals …Understanding whether, and in what situations, time spent in prison is criminogenic or preventive has proven …