Airplanes are a fast but expensive means of shipping goods, a fact which has implications for comparative advantage …

and perhaps lower incomes. This paper investigates price discrimination in the shipping industry and the role it plays in … determining transportation costs. In the presence of market power, shipping prices depend on the demand characteristics of goods … being traded. We show theoretically and estimate empirically that shipping firms charge higher prices when transporting …

This paper develops and estimates a model of indivisibilities in shipping and economies of scale in consolidation. It …

relative prices. We turn next to economic explanations for this so-called border effect and to its dynamics. Distance, unit-shipping …

.S. markets than import tariffs. We investigate the determinants of shipping costs to the U.S. with a large database of more than … determinant of shipping costs. Improving port efficiency from the 25th to the 75th percentile reduces shipping costs by 12 percent … handling costs, which are one of the components of shipping costs. Reductions in country inefficiencies associated to transport …

The standard source for pre-WWII global freight rate trends is the Isserlis British tramp shipping index. We think it …