, which creates a negative environmental externality, and may decide to switch to cleaner technology. A benevolent social … planner sets carbon taxes without commitment. Higher future carbon taxes both reduce emissions given technology and encourage … energy producers to switch to cleaner technology. Geoengineering advances, which reduce the negative environmental effects of …

-used econometric evaluation estimators and relate them to the requirements of a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis. We present … evidence on how the inference from the most commonly used econometric evaluation estimator is modified when the direct costs of …

We survey research on the relationship between technology and trade. We begin with the old literature, which treated … the state of technology as exogenous and asked how changes in technology affect the trade pattern and welfare. Recent … research and development. This allows one to examine not only how technology affects trade, but also how trade affects the …

differences defined by technology. In the aggregate time series relative unemployment is defined by educational unemployment … hiring and training response is quicker than the wage response. We also observe in time series that the pace of technology … technology, maturing of the workforce, and growth of international trade reduce unemployment in the longer run. The same …

creation of formal technology licensing offices at universities. Up until approximately the mid-1980s, university patents were …

change in structure. This paper seeks to fill the gap by study- ing the impact of domestic technology, foreign technology and … for 24 manufacturing industries. Holding time and industry effects constant we find that in most cases technology has the … technology constant we find mixed results for trade. Effects of trade on real wages are generally insignificant once time effects …

these shortcomings by focusing on technological learning-by-doing: the notion that it takes workers time using a technology …

that Japan is not spending much on basic technology development cannot be empirically substantiated from the study of the … technology.The second part of the paper is to show how two countries, one with heavy R&D activities in basic technology (the U ….S.A.)and the other with heavy R&D activities in applied technology(Japan), can compete in the world market with their productivity …