-by-country basis. In addition to public debt, we trace out the evolution of its composition between domestic and external borrowing …. Total external debt (public and private) and domestic credit are also included through 2013. This combination gives a broad …

Despite a vast accumulation of private capital, China is not embracing capitalism. Deceptively familiar capitalist …

Poland, Hungary. and Czechoslovakia and develop a model of changing support for reforms during the transition to a market … massive vacancies. The dispersion of wages increased substantially in Hungary and Poland though not in Czechoslovakia. My …

This paper examines the inflation targeting experience in three transition countries: the Czech Republic, Poland and …

Poland so far. We then develop a model and use it to think about the determinants of the speed of transition and the level of … unemployment. Finally, we return to the role of policy and the future in Poland, as well as the causes of cross-Central European …

linked this transformation to the contrast in values between a hard-working and frugal middle class and an upper class imbued …

the same time, private debt levels, particularly those of financial institutions and households, are in uncharted …, restructuring of public and private debts. A more subtle form of debt restructuring in the guise of "financial repression" (which … had its heyday during the tightly regulated Bretton Woods system) also importantly facilitated sharper and more rapid debt …

To study the joint decision of holding sovereign debt and reserves, we construct a stochastic dynamic equilibrium model … that incorporates willingness-to-pay incentive problems. In this setup, debt and assets are not perfect substitutes, as …

By any standard, Bolivia's economic crisis in the 1980's has been extraordinary. Like its neighbors. Bolivia suffered … performance. One major theme of our work is that the recent economic crisis in Bolivia is a reflection of political and economic … been begun by the present government, many of the deepest problems in Bolivian society that contributed to the crisis …