's biotech patents by 34 percent development by 27 percent, and products on the market by 8 percent as of 1989-1990. However … there is little evidence of geographically localized knowledge spillovers. In early industry" formation, star scientists …

&D spillovers are partly determined by firms, rather than by the given economic environment. According to this approach the full … effect of spillovers on research productivity of firms exceeds the structural effect because it includes an active learning …' response of firms to new information. Furthermore, effective spillovers grow faster or slower than potential spillovers …

that participated at least once accounted for over 40 percent of U.S. patents to U.S. entities during 1988-1996. Many firms … after the ATP award. ATP participation increases firms' patenting on average by between 5 and 30 patents per year during the …

consider the effects of sourcing, RJVs, and the firm's internal research on innovation, as defined by patents and new products …

economic theory than by the perception that the Japanese government has used such policies to great effect (Tyson, 1992 … spillovers that take place within these consortia. Not only are …

The paper explores the role of institutional mechanisms in generating technological knowledge spillovers. The … estimation is over panel datasets of patent grants, and unpatented innovations that were submitted for prizes at the annual … hypothesis of spatial autocorrelation in patenting and in the exhibited innovations. In keeping with the contract theory of …

program boundaries within the firm; and the enhanced ability to absorb internal and external spillovers. We also find that … spillovers between firms may playa major role in increasing research productivity. The paper also speaks directly to the question …

performance is affected by two countervailing Ramp;D spillovers: positive effects from technology spillovers and negative business … market spillovers have testable implications for a range of performance indicators, and then exploit these using distinct … 2001 we show that both technology and product market spillovers operate, but technology spillovers quantitatively dominate …

enterprises also predicts geographically localized knowledge spillovers at least for products in development. However, when we …

appears to depend on the intensity of parent firm R&D (R&D per plant), not on the total amount; and (3) spillovers of research …&D. These results suggest that, despite the externalities created by spillovers of R&D, the `dilution' of R&D across multiple … target plants reduces its potency sufficiently that spillovers may not be a source of industry-wide or economy …