decrease in electricity consumption and a 6-percent decrease in natural-gas consumption. The pattern of savings is consistent …

for credibly estimating the net present value of energy cost savings and often leaves other benefits and costs unmeasured …

transportation. What accounts for California's apparent energy savings? Some credit the strict energy efficiency standards for …, these trends account for around 90 percent of California's apparent residential electricity savings, thus providing no …

We evaluate the effectiveness of energy efficiency labeling in guiding household decisions. Using a carefully designed …

wealth from the energy savings, both of which lead to increased energy use, a "rebound'' effect. Disagreements about the … efficiency. The illustrative calculations I carry out suggest that rebound that more than offsets the savings from energy … efficiency investments (known as "backfire") is unlikely, but rebound is likely to significantly reduce the net savings from at …