prices. Remedies based on separate bargaining do not alleviate the price increases …

In this paper we propose a method to evaluate the effectiveness of U.S. horizontal merger policy and apply it to the … most problematic for the antitrust agencies. Thus we estimate an upper bound on the likely price effect of completed … mergers. Our study employs retail scanner data and uses familiar panel data program evaluation procedures to measure price …

effect of a merger on the behavior of rival firms, and instrumenting for these mergers, unbiased estimates of the effect of a … merger on market outcomes can be obtained. Using this methodology, I evaluate the impact of independent hospital mergers … between 1989 and 1996 on rivals' prices. I find sharp increases in rivals' prices following a merger, with the greatest effect …

operates within state boundaries: cross-market, within-state hospital mergers yield price increases of 7-9 percent for …

Handbook as a forceful argument in favor of a merger between the two disciplines rather than the acquisition of one by the … other; a merger which combines, notably, the detailed knowledge of historical sources, the capability of distilling complex …

but the signaling effect of price is far from complete, especially for non-innovator brands. The look of the pharmacy, as … are likely to suspect low quality from market price, non-innovator brand and the look of the pharmacy, but none of these …

From 1836 to 2011, the average real rate of price change for gold in the United States is 1.1% per year and the … gold's real rate of price change with consumption and GDP growth rates are small and statistically insignificantly … between gold services and ordinary consumption, the model can generate a mean real rate of price change within the (0.1%, 2 …

hedge. We also explore valuation. The real price of gold is currently high compared to history. In the past, when the real … price of gold was above average, subsequent real gold returns have been below average consistent with mean reversion. On the … holdings to average per capita or per GDP holdings of developed countries, the real price of gold may rise even further from …