underlying cause of the crisis, suggesting exchange controls are unlikely to be a useful strategy to avoid future crises. Fourth …, pegged exchange-rate regimes are a dangerous strategy for emerging market countries and make financial crises more likely …

borrowing decisions affect collateral values during future financial crises …

The 2020 CARES Act directed large cash payments to households. We analyze house-holds' spending responses using high …

In response to the Covid-19 crisis, 186 countries implemented direct cash transfers to households, and 181 introduced … in-kind programs that lowered the cost of utilities such as electricity, water, transport, and mobile money. Do cash or … line with economic theory favoring direct cash transfers, in a randomized experiment in Kenya 95% of urban recipients …

1996 to 2011 period using exchange rate spot, forward, and option data, we obtain a real-time index of world disaster risk …

What is the role of foreign currency debt in precipitating financial crises? In this paper we assemble data for nearly … 30 countries between 1880 and 1913 and examine debt crises, currency crises, banking crises and twin crises. We pay … many crises and never had severe financial meltdowns. Moreover, a strong reserve position matched up to hard currency …

What is the role of foreign currency debt in precipitating financial crises? In this paper we compare the 1880 to 1913 … period to recent experience. We examine debt crises, currency crises, banking crises and the interrelation between these … varieties of crises. We pay special attention to the role of hard currency debt, currency mismatches and debt intolerance. We …