This paper attempts to provide a more complete reckoning of the costs of the Iraq War, using standard economic and …, and the CBO's estimates put the projected total direct costs at around $500bn. These figures, however, greatly … underestimate the War's true costs. We estimate a range of present and future costs, by including expenditures not in the $500bn CBO …

trillion dollars in direct military costs. I review the history of cost forecasts for these ongoing engagements, highlighting … the implications of the war costs themselves. Besides the unanticipated length and breadth of the military conflicts … themselves, a related and equally important component of costs is the life cycle of costs associated with caring for veterans …

absenteeism remains scant due to difficulties with identification. In this paper, we use uniquely detailed data on the timing … a major cause of absenteeism among teachers, we find no evidence that poor health also causes lower on …

Ichino and Moretti (2009) find that menstruation may contribute to gender gaps in absenteeism and earnings, based on … evidence that absences of young female Italian bank employees follow a 28-day cycle. We analyze absenteeism of teachers and … find no evidence of increased female absenteeism on a 28-day cycle. We also show that the evidence of 28-day cycles in the …

absences could both raise teachers' expected income and lower districts' expected costs …

In most Western countries illness-related absenteeism is higher among female workers than among male workers. Using the … interpret this as evidence that the menstrual cycle raises female absenteeism. Absences with a 28-day cycle explain a … significant fraction of the male-female absenteeism gap. To investigate the effect of absenteeism on earnings, we use a simple …

employees on the 2002 and 2006 General Social Surveys to explore how shared compensation affects turnover, absenteeism, loyalty … beneficial effects on all outcomes save for absenteeism and that it has its strongest effects on turnover, loyalty, and worker …