, we find robust evidence that that the laws reduced the gender pay gap between men and women by approximately 30 percent …. There is suggestive evidence that higher female salaries contributed to the narrowing of the gender gap. The reduction in … the gender gap is primarily in universities where faculty are unionized.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working …

study gender differences in promotion rates and in the wage gains attached to promotions. Several unique features of our … attached to promotions, and relatively few studies on gender differences have considered promotions and wage increases together … there is essentially no gender difference in wage growth with or without promotions …

Empirical research on gender pay gaps has traditionally focused on the role of gender-specific factors, particularly … gender differences in qualifications and differences in the treatment of otherwise equally qualified male and female workers … (i.e., labor market discrimination). This paper explores the determinants of the gender pay gap and argues for the …

This paper summarizes research on gender differences in economic settings. I discuss gender differences in attitudes … toward competition, altruism and the closely related issue of cooperation, and risk preferences. While gender differences in …. Surprisingly, the results are also quite mixed when concerning gender differences in risk attitudes. I discuss the external …

empirical strategy exploits differences in market structure across industries to identify the impact of trade on the gender wage … from increased trade should lead to a reduction in the gender wage gap. We compare the change in the residual gender wage … changes in the gender wage gap that are unrelated to competitive pressures. We find that increased competition through trade …

factors to the decline in the gender wage gap: changes across cohorts in the relative slopes of men%u2019s and women%u2019s … slopes account for about one-third of the narrowing of the gender wage gap over the past 40 years. Under quite general …-school investments (PSIs) to the decline of the gender wage gap …

analysis considers various experimental treatments and finds that the existence of gender differences depends crucially on the …