Do US air pollution offset markets disproportionately relocate pollution to or from low-income or minority communities … plants. We find little association of offset prices or offset-induced movements in pollution with the share of a community …

combination of a presumptive tax and an environmental subsidy. A presumptive tax is a tax that is imposed under the presumption … that all production uses a dirty technology or all consumption goods become waste. The environmental subsidy is then … usefulness of the tax-subsidy combination, we review conceptual considerations regarding its implementation and practical …

theoretical and empirical research to evaluate the effects of such reforms on tax revenue, pollution emissions, economic …

costs of regulation and seriously militate against pollution abatement policies that do not raise revenue. If the marginal … environmental benefits from pollution reductions are below a certain threshold value, any amount of pollution abatement through non … reductions in after-tax returns to factors associated with the higher production costs caused by environmental regulation. This …

pollution-related industries. The government can avoid such losses by freely allocating some emissions permits or by exempting … some inframarginal emissions from a pollution tax. However, preventing profit-losses in this way involves an efficiency … the other efficiency costs of pollution-control. When the abatement requirement becomes more extensive, the cost of this …

sulfur dioxide (SO2) permits began. This paper uses plant level data to study the effect of these patents on pollution … ability of scrubbers to more effectively control pollution. However, patents granted during the 1990s, when market …

regulation and costly abatement. Regulation may be taxes or marketable permits. The innovating firm invests in R&D and develops … technologies which reduce the cost of pollution abatement. The innovating firm can patent this innovation and use a licensing fee … a pollution tax or a marketable permit. However, the returns to the innovator from innovation are not the same under the …