In Japan, the manufacturing has become geographically dispersed in the 1990s, when the import share has risen after the …

To understand the elasticity of employment to local labor demand shocks, we develop a quantitative general equilibrium … local employment elasticities differ substantially across U.S. counties and commuting zones in ways that are not well … around 3.3 percent and employment reallocations from -20 to 30 percent …

observations on most businesses located in California. The evidence indicates that enterprise zones do not increase employment. We … also find no shift of employment toward the lower-wage workers targeted by enterprise zone incentives. We conclude that the …

We estimate the effects of Wal-Mart stores on county-level retail employment and earnings, accounting for endogeneity … employment results indicate that a Wal-Mart store opening reduces county-level retail employment by about 150 workers, implying … retail employment. The payroll results indicate that Wal-Mart store openings lead to declines in county-level retail earnings …

demand function as it is proximity to consumer markets tha determines nominal wages and employment in a given location … how shocks to income in one location affect wages and employment in other locations. Demand linkages between regions are …% fall in personal income for a region the size of Illinois reduces employment by 6.0-6.4% in counties that are 100 km in …