benchmark indices. Both kinds of alternative models improve performance evaluation of actively managed portfolios, with the …

after the end of the process and fully exploit their bargaining leverage, then patent holders aspire to disclose always … after the end of the process. However, if a patent holder cannot rely on the other participants to always contribute to the … cross-licensing agreements that eliminate the strategic aspect of patent disclosure, and show that, in an institutional …

patent race where firms do R&D to develop products that are close substitutes. The effects of a standard are shown to depend …

latent variable common to a set of four indicators: the number of patent claims, forward citations, backward citations and … important. Our measure of quality is significantly related to subsequent decisions to renew a patent and to litigate … infringements. Using patent and R&D data for 100 U.S. manufacturing firms, we find that adjusting for quality removes much of the …

better proxy for human capital and brand rankings, and exhibit a strong association with patent values …