punishment, a reexamination of which, in both theory and practice, is the object of the paper …

model of the adjustment of sentences assuming that the state's objective is the optimal deterrence of crime. In the model …

therapies and crime rates. We describe recent trends in crime and review the evidence showing mental illness as a clear risk … pharmaceutical therapies for the treatment of mental illness which diffused during the "great American crime decline." We examine … limited international data, as well as more detailed American data to assess the relationship between crime rates and rates of …

This paper investigates the relationship between alcohol consumption, deterrence, and crime for New York City. We … by exploiting the temporal independence of crime and deterrence in these high-frequency data, and we address the …

Cities target police patrols and public services to control crime. What are the direct and spillover effects of such …,919 streets to either 8 months of doubled police patrols, greater municipal services, both, or neither. We study how crime … responds to intensifying normal state presence in moderate- to high-crime streets, and what this implies about criminal …

Previous studies of the impact of changes in prisoner populations on crime rates have failed to adequately control for … the simultaneity between those two variables. While increases in the number of prisoners are likely to reduce crime …, rising crime rates also translate into larger prison populations. To break that simultaneity, this paper uses the status of …

to changes in an individual's own criminal and arrest history. Young males who engage in crime but are not arrested … to engage in crime during subsequent periods. Following an arrest, individuals commit less crime, consistent with …

deterrence' to crime: the threat of future adverse effects on employment payoffs when caught committing crimes reduces the … dynamic deterrence will be less effective in fighting crime. This suggests that prevention is more powerful than redemption …

We present a simple model of the effects of hate crime legislation. It shows that even if the direct harm to victims of … hate crime is the same as for other crimes, because of other differences in the effects it may still be optimal to exert … more law-enforcement effort to deter or prevent hate crime. These differences also have previously unrecognized effects on …