Patent counts are very imperfect measures of innovative output. This paper discusses how additional data-the number of … years a patent is renewed and the number of countries in which protection for the same invention is sought - can be used to … proposed which may remove half of the noise in patent counts as a measure of innovative output. The paper also illustrates how …

We study the determinants of patent suits and their outcomes over the period 1978-1999 by linking detailed information … from the U.S. patent office, the federal court system, and industry sources. The probability of being involved in a suit is … patent system generates incentives, net of expected enforcement costs, that differ across inventors. Patentees with a large …

countries from 2000-2013. The World Trade Organization required its member countries to implement a minimum level of patent …We examine the effect of pharmaceutical patent protection on the speed of drug launch, price, and quantity in 60 … protection within a specified time period as part of the TRIPS Agreement. However, members retained the right to impose price …

Research on the effects of patent protection on innovation and technology transfer in the cross-country pharmaceutical … national pharmaceutical patent laws during the period from 1978 to 2002. This paper is a companion piece that extends the … research to evaluating the effects of patent reforms on inward foreign direct investment (FDI) establishments and imports in …

This paper examines three sets of explanations for variations in the strength of patent protection across sixty … countries and a 150-year period. Wealthier nations are more likely to have patent systems, to allow patentees a longer time to … likely to charge higher fees and limit patent protection in some important ways. Countries with democratic political …

We study the incentives that governments have to protect intellectual property in a trading world economy. We consider … a world economy with ongoing innovation in two countries that differ in market size, in their capacities for innovation … policies in a non-cooperative regime of patent protection, we ask, Why are patents longer in the North? We also study …

existence of strong patent laws encourage innovation? And 2) May patent laws influence the direction - as opposed to the rate … to address problems with the current patent system: 3) How do patent pools, as a mechanism to mitigate litigation risks …

after the end of the process and fully exploit their bargaining leverage, then patent holders aspire to disclose always … after the end of the process. However, if a patent holder cannot rely on the other participants to always contribute to the … cross-licensing agreements that eliminate the strategic aspect of patent disclosure, and show that, in an institutional …

How do non-practicing entities ("Patent Trolls") impact innovation and technological progress? Although this question …", who exploit the patent system to extract rents and thereby hurt innovation. We employ unprecedented access to NPE …-derived patent and financial data, as well as a novel model that guides our data analysis. We find that NPEs acquire patents from …