-controlling investors. This, in turn, increases the acquirer's capacity to raise outside funds to finance the takeover. Absent effective … effective competition, the increased outside funding capacity makes it less likely that the takeover outcome is determined by … to create value. Accordingly, stronger legal investor protection can improve the efficiency of the takeover outcome …

We determine firms' equity ownership structures and provide a theory of hostile takeovers by distinguishing the roles …-cost free' capital is scarce. We investigate the allocation of this scarce resource. A hostile takeover is the consequence of a … investors. Even though all firms are ex ante identical, some may rely on the takeover mechanism while others rely on permanent …