This paper examines the effect of tariffs and exchange rates on U.S. prices of Japanese cars, trucks and motorcycles …. In particular, we test whether the long run pass-through of tariffs and exchange rates are identical: the symmetry …

In theory, we should expect tariffs to be partially offset by a currency appreciation in the tariff-imposing country or … by a depreciation in the country on which the tariff is imposed. We find, based on a calibrated model, that the tariffs … the dollar and the renminbi. We find that tariffs explained at most one fifth of the dollar effective appreciation but …

these wedges to calculate the impact of the Smoot Hawley tariffs on total factor productivity and welfare. In our benchmark …

, deflation and declining economic activity continued in Canada until 1933. This paper examines the determinants of the Canadian … 1930's despite Canada's de facto departure from the Gold Standard. We develop the answer in two stages. First, we show that … that even if all contractual obligations were met, Canada would lose her reputation as a responsible debtor. Second, we …