Cumulative innovation is central to economic growth. Do patent rights facilitate or impede follow-on innovation? We … study the causal effect of removing patent rights by court invalidation on subsequent research related to the focal patent … Circuit to control for endogeneity of patent invalidation. Patent invalidation leads to a 50 percent increase in citations to …

The use of “pay-for-delay” settlements in patent litigation – in which a branded manufacturer and generic entrant … settle a Paragraph IV patent challenge and agree to forestall entry – has come under considerable scrutiny in recent years … instruments include standard measures of patent strength and a measure of settlement legality based on a split between several …

A model of patent infringement is developed to analyze the relationship between litigation and aspects of the legal … environment such as the probability that the patent is found valid, the size of legal fees and their allocation across agents … this game has a fundamental impact on the value of patent protection to a patentee. This model is then linked to a patent …

on patents as an incentive for innovation, the effectiveness of patents for invention disclosure, patent valuation, and … what we know about the design of patent systems. We also look at what is known about some current policy areas, including … software and business method patents, university patenting, and the growth in patent litigation …

. To frame these issues, we start with a stylized model of the patent" litigation process. The bulk of the paper is devoted … to linking the empirical literature on patent" litigation to the parameters of the model. The four major areas we … affects the willingness to enforce patents, (iii) how the cost of enforcing" patents changes the private value of patent …

We study the determinants of patent suits and their outcomes over the period 1978-1999 by linking detailed information … from the U.S. patent office, the federal court system, and industry sources. The probability of being involved in a suit is … patent system generates incentives, net of expected enforcement costs, that differ across inventors. Patentees with a large …

patent case filings from the U.S. district courts and detailed data from the" U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. We construct … reference" to theoretical models of litigation and settlement and discuss what they suggest about the effect" of patent …