Trade theorists have come to understand that their theory is ambiguous on the question: Are trade and factor flows … policy and finds that policy makers never behaved as if they viewed trade and immigration as substitutes …

, Germany, Japan, India, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Together, the studies …This paper presents a synopsis of recent NBER studies of the history of corporate governance in Canada, China, France …

current spread between FRM and ARM rates also matters, suggesting that households are concerned with current interest costs as …

It has been long recognized that cash plays a critical role in fueling street crime due to its liquidity and … transactional anonymity. In poor neighborhoods where street offenses are concentrated, a significant source of circulating cash … circulation of cash on the streets associated with EBT implementation had an effect on crime. To address this question, we exploit …

several former colonies of Great Britain: the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. We trace out … market involved significant start-up costs, while the role of scale suggests that network externalities and liquidity were …

We develop and apply a procedure to flexibly estimate intra-national border barriers and intra-regional trade costs … is rather small. Bilateral distance imposes much larger inter-provincial trade costs. Contiguity between provinces … accounts for little. Intra-regional trade cost variation affects relative bilateral costs and trade flows, and alters …