systematic fashion. Using newly digitized mortality data at the municipal level for the period 1900-1917, we explore the … requirement was associated with a 6 percent decrease in pulmonary TB mortality, while the opening of a state-run sanatorium was … associated with an almost 4 percent decrease in pulmonary TB mortality. However, these and other anti-TB measures can explain, at …

strongly reduce the share of mortality out of a given pool of infections. This paper examines the extent to which this … phenomenon is more general by testing the hypothesis that the ratio of lagged mortality to current infections is decreasing in … that vaccines moderate the share of mortality from a given pool of lagged infections. This is essentially a favorable shift …

-specific policies introduced by competing risks of mortality. The incentive to invest in prevention against one cause of death depends … than the direct medical reduction in mortality: it affects the incentives to fight other diseases so the overall reduction … in mortality will, in general, be larger than that predicted by the direct medical effects. We discuss evidence of these …

mortality data. By December 2021, the quartile rankings of three-fifths of the countries differ when ranked by excess vs …. official mortality. Countries that are ‘doing substantially better’ in the excess mortality are characterized by higher urban … study, controlling for GDP/Capita and vaccination rates, by December 2021 the E/O ratio was smaller in countries with higher …

daily deaths from COVID-19 fixed, what was the impact of vaccines on cumulative mortality from COVID-19 up through June 2023 … behavioral responses to COVID-19 deaths on cumulative mortality from COVID-19 over this same time period? In answering the first … question, I find that vaccines saved 748,600 lives through June 2023. That is, without vaccines, cumulative mortality from …

intentions on realized behavioral outcomes. The outcome of interest is influenza vaccination receipt at free on-site clinics … listed the times and locations of the relevant vaccination clinics. Mailings to employees randomly assigned to the treatment … and time the employee planned to be vaccinated. Vaccination rates increased when these implementation intentions prompts …

Traditional economic models of vaccination assume that agents free-ride on the vaccination decision of others. These … models show that private vaccination rates are always below the social optimal and even large subsidies cannot achieve … conform to the vaccination decisions of their peers. In this model privately optimal vaccination rates can be higher or lower …

also document cross-vaccine spillovers: the mandates increased adolescent vaccination for meningococcal disease and human …